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案例：癌症分类预测-良／恶性乳腺癌肿瘤预测 ​

  • 数据介绍

原始数据的下载地址：https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/machine-learning-databases/

数据描述

（1）699条样本，共11列数据，第一列用语检索的id，后9列分别是与肿瘤

相关的医学特征，最后一列表示肿瘤类型的数值。

（2）包含16个缺失值，用”?”标出。

1 分析 ​

1.获取数据
2.基本数据处理
2.1 缺失值处理
2.2 确定特征值,目标值
2.3 分割数据
3.特征工程(标准化)
4.机器学习(逻辑回归)
5.模型评估
1.获取数据
2.基本数据处理
2.1 缺失值处理
2.2 确定特征值,目标值
2.3 分割数据
3.特征工程(标准化)
4.机器学习(逻辑回归)
5.模型评估

2 代码 ​

python
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression

import ssl
ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression

import ssl
ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context
python
# 1.获取数据
names = ['Sample code number', 'Clump Thickness', 'Uniformity of Cell Size', 'Uniformity of Cell Shape',
                   'Marginal Adhesion', 'Single Epithelial Cell Size', 'Bare Nuclei', 'Bland Chromatin',
                   'Normal Nucleoli', 'Mitoses', 'Class']

data = pd.read_csv("https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/machine-learning-databases/breast-cancer-wisconsin/breast-cancer-wisconsin.data",
                  names=names)
data.head()
# 1.获取数据
names = ['Sample code number', 'Clump Thickness', 'Uniformity of Cell Size', 'Uniformity of Cell Shape',
                   'Marginal Adhesion', 'Single Epithelial Cell Size', 'Bare Nuclei', 'Bland Chromatin',
                   'Normal Nucleoli', 'Mitoses', 'Class']

data = pd.read_csv("https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/machine-learning-databases/breast-cancer-wisconsin/breast-cancer-wisconsin.data",
                  names=names)
data.head()
python
# 2.基本数据处理
# 2.1 缺失值处理
data = data.replace(to_replace="?", value=np.NaN)
data = data.dropna()
# 2.2 确定特征值,目标值
x = data.iloc[:, 1:10]
x.head()
y = data["Class"]
y.head()
# 2.3 分割数据
x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(x, y, random_state=22)
# 2.基本数据处理
# 2.1 缺失值处理
data = data.replace(to_replace="?", value=np.NaN)
data = data.dropna()
# 2.2 确定特征值,目标值
x = data.iloc[:, 1:10]
x.head()
y = data["Class"]
y.head()
# 2.3 分割数据
x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(x, y, random_state=22)
python
# 3.特征工程(标准化)
transfer = StandardScaler()
x_train = transfer.fit_transform(x_train)
x_test = transfer.transform(x_test)
# 3.特征工程(标准化)
transfer = StandardScaler()
x_train = transfer.fit_transform(x_train)
x_test = transfer.transform(x_test)
python
# 4.机器学习(逻辑回归)
estimator = LogisticRegression()
estimator.fit(x_train, y_train)
# 4.机器学习(逻辑回归)
estimator = LogisticRegression()
estimator.fit(x_train, y_train)
python
# 5.模型评估
y_predict = estimator.predict(x_test)
y_predict
estimator.score(x_test, y_test)
# 5.模型评估
y_predict = estimator.predict(x_test)
y_predict
estimator.score(x_test, y_test)

在很多分类场景当中我们不一定只关注预测的准确率！！！！！

比如以这个癌症举例子！！！我们并不关注预测的准确率，而是关注在所有的样本当中，癌症患者有没有被全部预测（检测）出来。